What is the craftsmanship of making memorial tablets in Japanese Buddhism?
Release Date:
Jan 23,2025
Summary
Craftsmanship and Cultural Connotations of Japanese Buddhist Memorial Tablets
Japanese Buddhist memorial tablets are important religious implements in Buddhist worship activities. Their craftsmanship integrates religious rituals and handcraft techniques, reflecting the unique traditions of Japanese Buddhist culture. The following provides a detailed introduction to the craftsmanship and related cultural connotations of Japanese Buddhist memorial tablets from multiple aspects.
Basic Concept and Uses of Memorial Tablets
The main types of Japanese Buddhist memorial tablets are as follows:
Sankai Banrei Tablet: Originating in the Kamakura period, placed inside Zen temple Buddha halls, used to pray for the blessings of sentient beings without connections. The inscriptions include phrases such as "Sankai Banrei, Jippō Shōsei, Rokushin Kansoku, Shichisei Fubo" (All spirits of the three realms, saints from all directions, relatives, seven generations of parents).
Nichihai and Gappai: Nichihai are tablets offered daily for chanting sutras and dedicating merit to the deceased, corresponding to Gappai, which are offered on monthly memorial days, reflecting continuous remembrance of the departed.
Kaishutsu: A special type of memorial tablet mainly used for display and offering in religious sites, possessing specific cultural artifact attributes.
Materials Used in Making Memorial Tablets
Traditional Japanese Buddhist memorial tablets mainly use the following materials:
Wood Materials: Commonly use high-quality woods such as white wood and karaki, with surfaces often decorated with gold leaf or gold powder.
Modern Materials: Some modern tablets are made from materials like acrylic and come with standing bases.
Decorative Materials: Traditional decorative techniques such as gold leaf, gold powder, and hand painting are still widely used.
Craftsmanship of Memorial Tablets
Although the search results do not directly describe the specific production process of memorial tablets, the process can be inferred from related crafts:
Raw Wood Processing: Selecting high-quality wood, followed by drying, planing, and other preliminary processing.
Carving Techniques:
Traditional wood carving techniques may be used, such as the "Hanami" style carving (similar to wave-like folds in clothing).
Carving tools include various electric carving knives, wood chisels, and other professional tools.
Writing Standards:
The top horizontal section is inscribed with Sanskrit or Japanese Buddhist terms.
The main vertical section is inscribed with the deceased's Dharma name or common name.
The Dharma name usually consists of three parts: precept name, rank, and temple name.
Decorative Techniques:
Surface treatment may use gold leaf inlay techniques.
Royal family members use plain white wood tablets, while common people mostly use black lacquer with gold characters.
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